William James Beckwith, GM2 - Military Timeline

The objective of Operation Market Time focused on preventing communist ships from infiltrating the South Vietnamese coast in order to resupply North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and Viet Cong (VC) forces. Be

The objective of Operation Market Time focused on preventing communist ships from infiltrating the South Vietnamese coast in order to resupply North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and Viet Cong (VC) forces. Beginning officially on March 11, 1965, Market Time featured a picket line of ships along over 1,000 miles of South Vietnamese coast including forces from the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Navy, and the South Vietnamese Navy. The operation was originally placed under the control of the Vietnam Patrol Force (Task Force 71), however command shifted to the Commander, Naval Forces Vietnam on 31 July 1965 and designated as Task Force 115. Operation Market Time was originally planned to acquire 54 Swift boats, but that number increased to a total of 84 in September 1965 in order to thoroughly guard the coast of South Vietnam. These Swift boats were further separated into five groups and assigned to different areas of operation including Division 101 located in Phu Quoc (working alongside Coast Guard Division 11), Division 102 in Da Nang (with Coast Guard Division 12), Division 103 in Cat Lo (with Coast Guard Division 13), Division 104 based in Cam Ranh Bay, and Division 105 in Qui Nhon.

Seaplane tenders USS Currituck, USS Pine Island, and USS Salisbury Sound served as flagships for Market Time.

U.S. Navy Martin P-5 Marlin seaplane patrol squadrons, destroyers, ocean minesweepers, PCFs (swift boats) and United States Coast Guard cutters (USCGC) performed the operation. Also playing a key role in the interdictions were the Navy’s patrol gunboats (PGs). The PG was uniquely suited for the job because of its ability to go from standard diesel propulsion to gas turbine (turboshaft) propulsion in a matter of a few minutes. The lightweight aluminum and fiberglass ships were not only fast but highly maneuverable because of their variable-pitch propellers. Most of the ships operated in the coastal waters from the Cambodian border around the south tip of Vietnam up north to �?à Nẵng. Supply ships from the Service Force, such as oilers, would bring mail, movies, and fuel.

A significant action of Market Time occurred on 1 March 1968, when the North Vietnamese attempted a coordinated infiltration of four gun-running trawlers. Two of the four trawlers were destroyed by allied ships in gun battles, one trawler crew detonated charges on board their vessel to avoid capture, and the fourth trawler turned tail and retreated at high speed into the South China Sea. LT Norm Cook, the patrol plane commander of a VP-17 P-2H Neptune patrol aircraft operating from Cam Ranh Bay, was awarded a Distinguished Flying Cross for discovering and following two of the four trawlers in the action.

Of the many vessels involved in Operation Market Time, one of the more notable was the USCGC Point Welcome which, on 11 August 1966, was brought under fire by a number of United States Air Force aircraft. This incident of a "blue-on-blue" engagement killed two members of the cutter’s crew (one of whom was the commanding officer) and wounded nearly everyone on board.

Ski-equipped LC-130 Hercules and C-17 Globemaster IIIs redeployed from Christchurch, New Zealand, wrapped up the 2006-2007 season of Operation Deep Freeze in late February. This unique joint and total

Ski-equipped LC-130 Hercules and C-17 Globemaster IIIs redeployed from Christchurch, New Zealand, wrapped up the 2006-2007 season of Operation Deep Freeze in late February. This unique joint and total force mission has supported the National Science Foundation and U.S. Antarctic Program since 1955 and is currently led by Pacific Air Forces, 13th Air Force.

“This has been a record setting year. We moved more cargo and more people and did it faster this year than ever before,” said Lt. Gen. Chip Utterback the Joint Task Force-Support Forces Antarctica commander.

“I’m incredibly proud of our Airmen and Sailors who showed great initiative and innovation while operating in the coldest, windiest, most inhospitable continent on the globe,” he said. “Despite that environment they ensured fuel, supplies and personnel were delivered safely and on time to McMurdo Station and camps throughout the continent.”

During the recently concluded 2006-2007 season, LC-130s flew 430 missions, moving nearly 11 million pounds of cargo and 1,000 passengers throughout Antarctica. The C-17s flew 57 missions to McMurdo Station, Antarctica, from Christchurch carrying more than 3 million pounds of cargo and 2,700 passengers to McMurdo, and more than 720,000 pounds of cargo and 2,600 passengers to Christchurch from McMurdo.

Also this season, C-17 aircrews achieved an airpower milestone Dec. 19 by completing the first C-17 airdrop mission that delivered approximately 70,000 pounds of supplies to the South Pole. The ability to airdrop supplies using the C-17 versus the LC-130, which is the traditional platform used to airland supplies on the ice, allows aircrews to deliver up to four times as much supplies in a single airdrop mission in conditions that do not permit airland missions.

The LC-130s and personnel from the 109th Airlift Wing, New York Air National Guard; C-17s and personnel from the 62nd and 446th Airlift Wings, McChord Air Force Base, Wash., supported air operations for JTF-SFA. The U.S. Coast Guard Icebreaker Polar Sea, homeported in Seattle, worked with contracted Swedish icebreaker Oden to cut a channel to the McMurdo Ice Pier, and Sailors from Naval Cargo Handling Battalion 1, Williamsburg, Va., deployed to McMurdo Station to offload cargo brought to McMurdo by the Military Sealift Command-contracted ship, American Tern.

The Polar Sea, joined the Oden Jan. 1, which began breaking ice Dec. 26. In supporting ODF, USCG icebreakers have broken through as much as 84 nautical miles of ice to produce a navigable shipping channel into McMurdo Station. This year’s channel was about 23 nautical miles long – 13 of which is first year ice at an average thickness of 3-5 feet and 10 of which is multi-year ice at an average thickness of 5-11 feet.

This vital shipping channel allows supply ships to deliver more than 6 million gallons of fuel and 4,000 metric tons of cargo, enabling McMurdo and South Pole Stations to remain manned and operational throughout the harsh winter months. The Polar Sea also acts as a floating research platform for scientists that travel onboard. Ice breaking operations concluded Feb. 15 with the departure of the Polar Sea from McMurdo Station.

The Polar Sea, a 399-foot polar class icebreaker with a 140-person crew, is recently out of a two-year overhaul and was specifically designed for solo icebreaking in remote Polar Regions. The ship turned 29 in January of this year. The cutter’s red reinforced hull is made of 1.75 inches of steel that covers a specially contoured icebreaking bow. The ship can call on 75,000 shaft horsepower enabling it to break up to 21 feet of ice. The Polar Sea has deployed 17 times in support of ODF.

Sailors from NCHB 1 completed cargo handling operations at McMurdo Ice Pier Feb. 11. The detachment of 70 Sailors began off-loading operations Feb. 4 when the American Tern arrived at the ice pier. The Sailors off-loaded 10.4 million pounds of cargo, then turned around and on Feb. 7 started backloading 9.6 million pounds of cargo onto the ship.

In addition to retrograde and scientific material being shipped off the continent, many of the 583 shipping containers contain trash and waste. In order to maintain the pristine environment of the continent, international treaty stipulates nothing can be left behind. All trash and waste is containerized, removed and transported off the continent.

The Sailors worked around the clock in two 12-hour shifts to complete this mission. February in Antarctica provides continuous sunlight, which contributes to mission safety and efficiency.

For more than 50 years the NSF has relied on the skills and unique abilities of Airmen and Sailors from the U.S. Air Force, Coast Guard and Navy to ensure safe delivery of life-sustaining cargo for its research scientists and residents at McMurdo Station.